Group determinism and female agency: this new remarrying widow reconsidered…once again

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ENDNOTES

1 ‘ London widowhood revisited: the latest refuse out of women remarriage regarding the seventeenth and early 18th ages ‘, Continuity and alter 5 ( 1990 ), 323 –55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

step three Wrigley , E. A great. and Schofield , R. , The population reputation for England, 1541–1871: a repair ( London , 1981 ), 258 –9Google College student ; Todd , Barbara J. , ‘The remarrying widow: a label reconsidered’, in Prior , Meters. ed., Ladies in English society, 1500–1800 ( London area , 1985 ), 54 – 92 .Yahoo Beginner

4 kissbrides.com encontrar enlaces Brodsky , Vivien , ‘Widows in the late Elizabethan London: reily orientations’, during the Bonfield , L. , Smith , R. and you may Wrightson , K. eds., The world i’ve gathered ( Oxford , 1986 ), 122 –54.Google Scholar

5 Nor, we possibly may incorporate, performed riches be certain that it (anecdotal research to the contrary), as is ideal because of the Nancy Adamson’s wanting ( ‘Metropolitan family members: the public framework of your London area professional, 1500–1603′ [unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School of Toronto , 1983 ], 188 –90]Google Beginner , reported by Steven Rappaport ( Worlds inside globes: structures away from lives for the sixteenth-century London [ Cambridge , 1989 ], 40 )Google College student , you to definitely from the later sixteenth century some 58 % of aldermen’s widows, surely new richest and most qualified off partners, failed to remarry.

6 Find Grigg , Susan , ‘ With the a principle away from remarriage: an incident study of Newburyport early in brand new nineteenth century ‘, Journal out-of Interdisciplinary History 8 ( 1977 ), 183 – 220 .CrossRefGoogle Student

8 Wilson , Adrian , ‘ Illegitimacy as well as ramifications during the middle-eighteenth-century London area: the data of one’s Foundling Hospital ‘, Continuity and alter 4 ( 1989 ), 136 .CrossRefGoogle Scholar

9 ‘ House and you can kinship: Ryton regarding late 16th and you may early 17th ages ‘, Background Working area 10 ( 1980 ), forty-two .Google Scholar

11 Ibid. Austen’s record brings insight into good generational shift. Austen herself refused remarriage while the infringing their personal and monetary liberty together with their particular honour, when you find yourself meanwhile acknowledging you to her mom’s remarriage so you’re able to Alderman John Highlord in early 1640s was section of the basis having her very own prosperity (British Collection, Create. MS. 4454, fos. 79v, 93, 93v, 105).

twelve The newest petition of the widows, during the and you will in the London area and you can Westminster getting a redress of its grievances , repr. Harleian Miscellany ten ( London area , 1810 ), 170 –5.Yahoo Beginner

14 The newest style on English scene is actually chatted about extremely generally by Linda Woodbridge, in females plus the English Renaissance: books while the character away from womankind, 1540–1620 ( Urbana , 1986 ).Google College student

fifteen The words ends up ‘we widowes may be recovered to the previous joyes by which have plurality regarding suitors and you may each and every day hopes of getting a beneficial and you will lusty younger husbands, for the solace of one’s government and you can rejoycing of your soules, for ladies (even as we could have the community understand) need to alive and you may dye on area out-of husbands’.

sixteen Some other similar mock petitions authored within several months and after, discover Smith , H. and Cardinale , S. , Feminine and the literary works of one’s 17th century: a keen annotated bibliography ( New york , 1990 ).Yahoo Scholar

17 Nicholles , A good. , A commentary from , J. , This new arraignment away from …female, that has a section to your ‘The brand new sustain-baiting of one’s vanity regarding widows’ ( 1615 )Yahoo College student ; Taylor , J. , The brand new Juniper Lectures ( 1639 ).Bing College student

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18 MacDonald , R. A good. , ‘The fresh new widow: a continual shape inside Jacobean and you may Caroline comedy’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, College of the latest Brunswick , 1978 ), step one , 75 , 79 .Bing College student When i talked about from inside the ‘The fresh reples away from widows who chose not to marry and you may resisted importunate suitors. Stage widows is universally rich, to ensure that provider brings nothing recommendations of these guessing regarding thinking of your terrible widow.